Ggthjy

I'm trying to implement a class which wraps an arbitrary type and a mutex. To access the wrapped data, one needs to pass a functor as parameter of the locked method. The wrapper class will then pass the wrapped data as parameter to the functor.

I'd like my wrapper class to work with const & non-const, so I tried the following

#include <mutex>

#include <string>



template<typename T, typename Mutex = std::mutex>

class   Mutexed

{

private:

    T m_data;

    mutable Mutex m_mutex;



public:

    using type = T;

    using mutex_type = Mutex;



public:

    explicit Mutexed() = default;



    template<typename... Args>

    explicit Mutexed(Args&&... args)

        : m_data{std::forward<Args>(args)...}

    {}



    template<typename F>

    auto locked(F&& f) -> decltype(std::forward<F>(f)(m_data)) {

        std::lock_guard<Mutex> lock(m_mutex);

        return std::forward<F>(f)(m_data);

    }



    template<typename F>

    auto locked(F&& f) const -> decltype(std::forward<F>(f)(m_data)) {

        std::lock_guard<Mutex> lock(m_mutex);

        return std::forward<F>(f)(m_data);

    }

};



int main()

{

    Mutexed<std::string> str{"Foo"};



    str.locked([](auto &s) { /* this doesn't compile */

        s = "Bar";

    });



    str.locked([](std::string& s) { /* this compiles fine */

        s = "Baz";

    });

    return 0;

}

The first locked call with the generic lambda fails to compile with the following error

/home/foo/tests/lamdba_auto_const/lambda_auto_const/main.cpp: In instantiation of ‘main()::<lambda(auto:1&)> [with auto:1 = const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>]’:

/home/foo/tests/lamdba_auto_const/lambda_auto_const/main.cpp:30:60:   required by substitution of ‘template<class F> decltype (forward<F>(f)(((const Mutexed<T, Mutex>*)this)->Mutexed<T, Mutex>::m_data)) Mutexed<T, Mutex>::locked(F&&) const [with F = main()::<lambda(auto:1&)>]’

/home/foo/tests/lamdba_auto_const/lambda_auto_const/main.cpp:42:6:   required from here

/home/foo/tests/lamdba_auto_const/lambda_auto_const/main.cpp:41:11: error: passing ‘const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>’ as ‘this’ argument discards qualifiers [-fpermissive]

         s = "Bar";

           ^

In file included from /usr/include/c++/5/string:52:0,

                 from /usr/include/c++/5/stdexcept:39,

                 from /usr/include/c++/5/array:38,

                 from /usr/include/c++/5/tuple:39,

                 from /usr/include/c++/5/mutex:38,

                 from /home/foo/tests/lamdba_auto_const/lambda_auto_const/main.cpp:1:

/usr/include/c++/5/bits/basic_string.h:558:7: note:   in call to ‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& std::__cxx11::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::operator=(const _CharT*) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>]’

       operator=(const _CharT* __s)

       ^

But the second call with the std::string& parameter is fine.

Why is that ? And is there a way to make it work as expected while using a generic lambda ?

This is a problem fundamentally with what happens with SFINAE-unfriendly callables. For more reference, check out P0826.

The problem is, when you call this:

 str.locked([](auto &s) { s = "Bar"; });

We have two overloads of locked and we have to try both. The non-const overload works fine. But the const one – even if it won't be selected by overload resolution anyway – still has to be instantiated (it's a generic lambda, so to figure out what decltype(std::forward<F>(f)(m_data)) might be you have to instantiate it) and that instantiation fails within the body of the lambda. The body is outside of the immediate context, so it's not a substitution failure – it's a hard error.

When you call this:

str.locked([](std::string& s) { s = "Bar"; });

We don't need to look at the body at all during the whole process of overload resolution – we can simply reject at the call site (since you can't pass a const string into a string&).

There's not really a solution to this problem in the language today – you basically have to add constraints on your lambda to ensure that the instantiation failure happens in the immediate context of substitution rather than in the body. Something like:

str.locked([](auto &s) -> decltype(s = std::string(), void()) {

    s = "Bar";

});

A more thorough language solution would have been to allow for "Deducing this" (see the section in the paper about this specific problem). But that won't be in C++20.