Ggthjy

Simple bash script to create apache2 virtualhost for localhost. Can be used for public subdomains on developer server with changes - "replace .localhost".

Tested on Ubuntu, but should work where dependency met.

Not for production, for development purposes only.

Use zenity for gui and pkexec for root permissions, so can be run without terminal, however some terminal output persist.

/etc/hosts file looks like: (so allowing add any subdomain)

127.0.0.1 localhost *.localhost

Note the wildcard, script doesn't create domains.

I'm not very experienced at bash scripting. Review and improve security, compatibility, maybe also some features with domains.

It's also on GitHub:(Updated) https://github.com/LeonidMew/CreateVirtualHost

#!/bin/bash



WEBROOT="/home/leonid/Web/" # root folder where subfolders for virtualhosts created

APACHEHOST="/etc/apache2/sites-available/050-" # prefix for virtualhost config file

A2ENSITE="050-" # short prefix for virtualhost config file

TMPHOST="/tmp/a2host-" # tmp prefix for virtualhost config while editing or rejecting



if ((`which zenity|wc -w` == 0)) # check dependency

then

    echo "Error: zenity not installed."

    exit

fi



if [ "$USER" == "root" ]

then

    zenity --error --text="You should not run this script as root but as user going to edit web files."

    exit

fi



HOST=`zenity --forms --add-entry=Name --text='Create virtualhost (= Folder name,case sensitive)'`

words=$( wc -w <<<"$HOST" )



if (($words == "0" || $words > 1)) # this not check for fully qualified sub domain name. ".localhost" added

then

    zenity --error --text="More then one word for sub domain or empty"

    exit

fi



HOSTFILE="$APACHEHOST$HOST"

HOSTFILE=$HOSTFILE".conf"   # apache virtualhost config file

DIR="$WEBROOT$HOST"         # folder used as document root for virtualhost



# virtualhost template 

cat >$TMPHOST$HOST <<EOF

<VirtualHost *:80>

    ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost

    DocumentRoot $DIR

    ServerName  $HOST.localhost

    ServerAlias $HOST.localhost

    <Directory "$DIR">

        AllowOverride All

        Require local

    </Directory>

    # Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,

    # error, crit, alert, emerg.

    LogLevel warn

</VirtualHost>

# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet

EOF



# edit virtualhost config

TEXT=`zenity --text-info --filename=$TMPHOST$HOST --editable`

words=$( wc -w <<<"$TEXT" )

if (($words == 0))

then

    echo "Cancel"

    rm $TMPHOST$HOST

    exit

fi

echo "$TEXT" > $TMPHOST$HOST



A2ENSITE=$A2A2ENSITE$HOST".conf" # params for a2ensite



echo "execute root tools with pkexec to create virtualhost"

[ -d "$DIR" ] || mkdir -p "$DIR"

pkexec /bin/bash <<EOF

chgrp www-data "$DIR"

chmod u=rwX,g=rX,o= "$DIR"

mv $TMPHOST$HOST $HOSTFILE

chown root:root $HOSTFILE

chmod u=rw,g=r,o=r $HOSTFILE

a2ensite $A2ENSITE

EOF

Notes:

• Quote your variables. Ref Security implications of forgetting to quote a variable in bash/POSIX shells
  


• Don't use ALLCAPS varnames. It's too easy to overwrite important shell variables like PATH.


• 
  A2ENSITE=$A2A2ENSITE$HOST".conf" -- I don't see the A2A2ENSITE variable anywhere
  
  
  
  
  • this is a perhaps a corollary of the ALLCAPS vars problem: they can be hard to read.
  
  
  
  


• For Command Substitution, don't use backticks, use $( ... ). That syntax is (IMO) easier to read, and there are other advantages, such as nestability.


• 
  

  if ((`which zenity|wc -w` == 0)) -- use the bash builtin type command to see if there is a zenity command available: type -p zenity will return an unsuccessful exit status if there's no zenity in your path:

  
  
  

  if ! type -p zenity >/dev/null
  
  

  
  
  

  Although I don't really see the need for zenity. It would be super frustrating for the user who doesn't have it, being prevented from using your script. And the technical user who would be comfortable installing it is the type of user who doesn't need the bells and whistles, IMO.

  
  


• 
  

  To check if a string is empty, you don't need to call out to wc.

  
  
  

  Not this:

  
  
  

  TEXT=`zenity --text-info --filename=$TMPHOST$HOST --editable`
  
  words=$( wc -w <<<"$TEXT" )
  
  if (($words == 0))
  
  

  
  
  

  but this:

  
  
  

  text=$(zenity --text-info --filename="$filename" --editable)
  
  if [ -z "$text" ]       # cancel if empty
  
  

  
  


• 
  

  use mktemp for temp files

  
  
  

  tmphost=$(mktemp)
  
  

  
  
  

  And just use "$tmphost" instead of $TMPHOST$HOST

  
  


• 
  

  you can tell bash to automatically delete the temp file when it exits:

  
  
  

  trap "rm $tmphost" EXIT
  
  

  
  


• 
  

  validate user input for host: a case statement might make sense here:

  
  
  

  host=$(zenity --forms --add-entry=Name --text='Create virtualhost (= Folder name,case sensitive)')
  
  case "$host" in
  
      "")            zenity --error --text="Bad input: empty";      exit 1 ;;
  
      *"*"*)         zenity --error --text="Bad input: wildcard";   exit 1 ;;
  
      *[[:space:]]*) zenity --error --text="Bad input: whitespace"; exit 1 ;;
  
  esac
  
  

  
  



• I applaud your use of here-documents



• use if [ "$(id -un)" = "root" ] instead of the USER variable.


• 
  mkdir -p silently does nothing if the directory already exists, so you don't need to test -d
  

Perhaps you want this:

#!/bin/bash



webroot="/home/leonid/Web/" # root folder where subfolders for virtualhosts created

apachehost="/etc/apache2/sites-available/050-" # prefix for virtualhost config file

a2ensite="050-"             # short prefix for virtualhost config file

tmphost=$(mktemp)

trap "rm $tmphost" EXIT



if [ "$USER" == "root" ]

then

    echo "You should not run this script as root but as user going to edit web files." >&2

    exit 1

fi



read -p"Create virtualhost (= Folder name,case sensitive)" -r host

case "$host" in

    "")            echo "Bad input: empty" >&2;      exit 1 ;;

    *"*"*)         echo "Bad input: wildcard" >&2;   exit 1 ;;

    *[[:space:]]*) echo "Bad input: whitespace" >&2; exit 1 ;;

esac



# braces only for readability

hostfile="${apachehost}${host}.conf"    # apache virtualhost config file

dir="${webroot}${host}"                 # folder used as document root for virtualhost



# virtualhost template 

cat >"$tmphost" <<EOF

<VirtualHost *:80>

    ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost

    DocumentRoot $dir

    ServerName  $host.localhost

    ServerAlias $host.localhost

    <Directory "$dir">

        AllowOverride All

        Require local

    </Directory>

    # Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,

    # error, crit, alert, emerg.

    LogLevel warn

</VirtualHost>

# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet

EOF



# edit virtualhost config

editor=${VISUAL:-$EDITOR}

if [ -z "$editor" ]

then

    echo "edit '$tmphost' to your liking, then hit Enter"

    read -p "I'll wait ... "

else

    "$editor" "$tmphost"

fi

# probably want some validating here that the user has not broken the config



echo "execute root tools with pkexec to create virtualhost"

mkdir -p "$dir"



pkexec /bin/bash <<EOF

chgrp www-data "$dir"

chmod u=rwX,g=rX,o= "$dir"

mv "$tmphost" "$hostfile"

chown root:root "$hostfile"

chmod u=rw,g=r,o=r "$hostfile"

a2ensite "${a2ensite}${host}.conf"

EOF

Responding to your questions:

1. 
   

   "determine if running in a terminal?" Yes with this obscure test:

   
   
   

   if [ -t 0 ]; then echo "in a terminal"; fi
   
   

   
   
   

   That tests file descriptor 0, which is stdin. If you're launching your script as a GUI, that test should be false.

   
   



2. editor=${VISUAL:-$EDITOR} sets the editor variable to the user's $VISUAL variable, or if that's not set, to the $EDITOR variable. Many programs use this to determine the user's preferred "terminal" editor. vim and emacs are two common values there. If neither of those are set, then the user gets to go edit that however he chooses.




3. "is read terminal only?" Yes

If you're going to aim for GUI and text versions, I'd use one script, but make sure all the common code is put into functions so you don't have to duplicate your code. For example:

get_virtual_host() {

    if [ -t 0 ]; then

        read -p "Create virtualhost (= Folder name,case sensitive)" -r host

    else

        host=$(zenity --forms --add-entry=Name --text='Create virtualhost (= Folder name,case sensitive)')

    fi

    case "$host" in

        "")            echo "Bad input: empty" >&2;      exit 1 ;;

        *"*"*)         echo "Bad input: wildcard" >&2;   exit 1 ;;

        *[[:space:]]*) echo "Bad input: whitespace" >&2; exit 1 ;;

    esac

    echo "$host"

}



host=$(get_virtual_host)